Occultation of 6.6-mag. SAO 115966 by (219) Thusnelda on 2007 December 18 - Updated 2007 Dec. 21, 22h UT

Spectacular Grazing Occultation recorded near Runyon, Florida

A poor-quality copy of the video is now posted below

Most observers had no occultation because the path shifted almost a full path-width north

I think at least 20 observers monitored the star from more than two 
dozen locations, but as far as I know, only two of us actually 
observed the occultation, from a total of three sites.  

More about these and other previously-observed occultations is/will 
be posted on Brad Timerson's N. American asteroidal occ'n results page, 
IOTA's official Web site for North American asteroidal occultation 
results. 

A brief account of my observations is below, followed by a short 
description and link to a news Web site about T. Fox's observation.  
Unfortunately, as far as I know, all attempts to observe this event 
in Europe were clouded out, and I know of no attempts in Mexico.
__________________

From: David Dunham [dunham@starpower.net]
Sent: Wednesday, December 19, 2007 12:53 AM
Subject: Spectacular Thusnelda graze near Runyon, Florida (+22 km)

My remote station a km south of the predicted northern limit, a 4" 
Meade SCT with image intensifier, recorded a spectacular grazing 
occultation of SAO 115966 by (219) Thusnelda last night; the pre-
pointing was perfect, with the target near the center.  With all my 
asteroidal occultations, this was the first time I've recorded more 
than one occultation of the star.  But it's interesting that this 
graze was on the south side of Thusnelda, rather than on the north 
side, due to the almost 1 path-width north shift that occurred. 

Approximate times of my 4 events are:
Disappearance 5:17:47.0 UT 2007 Dec. 18
Reappearance  5:17:47.8
Disappearance 5:17:49.3
Reappearance  5:17:49.9
The events were gradual due to Fresnel diffraction effects. [no-see below]
I'll be able to determine precise times from the Kiwi time insertion 
later.  The location was in a clearing in sugar cane fields just 
north of the intersection of US 441 and Sugar House Rd., about a 
mile east of Bunyan City, Florida (about a few miles n. of Belle 
Glade). When I get a chance, I'll review the tape also for 
coordinates.  

I copied a short segment of my digital video tape with the events 
with an MDVR to a .asf file; you will probably need to install the 
proper codec by running this .exe file in order to view the clip.  
It shows the events well, with the target star near the center, but 
the original recording shows many more stars with overall brighter 
images than I can display from this file with my computer.  Sometime 
after Christmas I will post here a much better .avi file of this 
intereting observation. 

At my attended station 9 km farther north, the occultation lasted 
4.6 seconds; I can't easily get UTC for it since I ran out of GPS 
time inserters for it, but did record GPS time with that camcorder 
before and after the event, so with some work, I can accurately 
calibrate the camcorder clock to determine UTC.  It was recorded 
with a telephoto lens; with the jerky altitude control, I have to 
rest one leg of the small tripod on a finger to keep the target in 
view. 

My southernmost station using the small MDVR recorder did its 
schedule record at the proper time; this was 36 km south of the 
predicted center, near a rest stop off of US 27 6 miles north of 
I-75.  I need to review it in detail later to see if the target was 
recorded; a small telephoto lens was used. 

I have not had a chance to review the long tape made at the station 
15 km south of center, but it's certain that both of these south-of-
center stations had no occultation, as so many of the other 
observers had, including Chris Stephan at Sebring north of the 
actual path.  Unfortunately, Frank Mraz at about 40 km north had to 
work and couldn't observe.  I have not heard yet from Bob Konior at 
Cape Coral, FL, several km north of Frank Mraz's location. 
___________________________

Gradual events due to stellar angular diameter, not diffraction

From: Jean Lecacheux jlx@meteores.net
Sent: Wednesday, December 19, 2007 6:01 AM
To: David Dunham
Subject: Re: Spectacular Thusnelda graze near Runyon, Florida 
(+22 km)

David,

Congratulations for your multi-stations Thusnelda success in Florida 
yesterday ! 

One remark.
You wrote:
> The events were gradual due to Fresnel diffraction effects.

I disagree. This was because of the stellar diameter, as this "naked 
eye" target (HR 3033, V= 6.5) is not very remote compared to those 
of mag. 10 - 12 we usually encounter. 

From Hipparcos we know its distance : 130 +/-15 parsecs. So its 
absolute magnitude (i.e. at 10 parsecs, interstellar absorption 
deduced) was Mv= +0.8 . From the Michigan catalogues we also know 
this is a G-type giant or subgiant. It results that its apparent 
angular diameter probably was near 0.6 milli-arc second, or ~750 
meters at the 1.685 AU distance of Thusnelda. As at such a distance 
the Fresnel length was Fl= 275 meters in red light (600 nanometers), 
the star diameter was about 2.7*Fl, far above unity. 

Thus any diffraction effect was erased.

Taking into account the Thusnelda velocity of 10.20 km/s 
(topocentric) or 8.34 milli-arc second/s, i.e. about 14 stellar 
diameters per second, you probably will explain the details of your 
gradual grazing occultation. 
___________________________

Another positive observation

From: David Dunham [dunham@starpower.net]
Sent: Wednesday, December 19, 2007 10:53 AM
Subject: Thusnelda occ'n also recorded (at 26,000 fps?!) by T. Fox in
Lee County, FL

Message to Daniel Fischer in Bonn, Germany, who pointed out this 
interesting observation that he found on the Web: 

Daniel,

     This is extremely interesting, Fox is not one of the observers 
I know about.  [Later, I found out that he was recruited by Paul 
Maley, a member of the NASA Johnson Space Center Astronomy Club, via 
the messages that he sent to s. Florida astronomical societies 
promoting observation of the event]. 

     The article says 26,000 frames per second, but this must be a 
misunderstanding, the fastest that the MallinCam camera that Fox 
used is standard video rate.  The number might be a shutter speed, 
as fast as 1/26,000th of a second.

At 07:53 AM 12/19/2007, Daniel Fischer, dfischer@astro.uni-bonn.de, wrote:
>Interestingly the Thusnelda event made it even into the 'normal' news:
>http://www.winknews.com/news/local/12582501.html reports on 
>observations by T.L. Fox in Florida's Lee County.
>
>Daniel
___________________________

Pre-event predictions and plans are here.

David Dunham, 2007 Dec. 21, 5 pm EST
Phones home 301-474-4722; office 240-228-5609; cell 301-526-5590 
office e-mail david.dunham@jhuapl.edu with Blackberry for mobile use
home e-mail:  dunham@starpower.net .